OSTEOPOROSIS

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Osteoporosis: Disorder of Bone

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Osteoporosis is a condition that occurs due to the gradual loss of bone mineral density, leading to bones becoming pores, fragile, and increased susceptibility to fractures. Osteoporosis often called a “silent disease” is a disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue.  

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Diagnosis: A bone mineral density scan is the only method for diagnosis of osteoporosis. The National

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Osteoporosis Foundation recommends the following individuals for BMD scan:

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• All women above 65 regardless of risk factors

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• All younger postmenopausal women with one or more risk factors

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• Post-menopausal women who present with fractures

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T-Score:

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The T-score is the number of standard deviations by which a person’s BMD differs from that of healthy young adults. In general, the lower the T-score, the more fragile the person’s bones. The T-score is therefore a rough indication of the need for treatment in adults.

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The World Health Organization has defined the following categories:

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• Normal Bone: T-score better than -1

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• Osteopenia: T-score between -1 & -2.5

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• Osteoporosis: T-score less than -2.5

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Osteoporosis: A Global Health Burden

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• According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Osteoporosis is second only to cardiovascular disease as a global healthcare problem.

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• Affects over 200 million people worldwide.

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• Over 50% of women & 30-45% of men over age 50 have osteopenia/osteoporosis.

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• A 10% loss of bone mass in the vertebrae can double the risk of vertebral fractures, and similarly, a 10% loss of bone mass in the hip can result in a 2.5 times greater risk of hip fracture.

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• 1 out of 8 males and 1 out of 3 females in India suffers from osteoporosis, making India one of the

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• Largest affected countries in the world.

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• In most Western countries, while the peak incidence of Osteoporosis occurs at about 70-80 years of age, in India it may afflict younger, at age 50-60.

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Osteoporosis Signs & Symptoms:

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In its early stages, there are no symptoms associated with osteoporosis but as it progresses it can cause

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• Fractures of the vertebrae, wrist, or hips

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• Low back pain

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• Neck pain

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• Bone pain or tenderness

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• Loss of height over time

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• Stooped posture 

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Osteoporosis Risk Factors:

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Non-Modifiable Risk Factors Modifiable Risk factors

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• Age Alcohol

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• Family history of Smoking

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• Menopause/ Hysterectomy Poor nutrition

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• Long-term glucocorticoid therapy Insufficient exercise

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